Migraine with Aura Linked to Increased Stroke Risk

Patients who suffer migraine with aura have twice the risk for ischemic stroke, the most common type of stroke (caused by an interruption of blood flow to the brain), as those with migraine without aura, according to an industry-funded meta-analysis in the British Medical Journal (BMJ).

Migraine with aura is a less form of migraine headache, with “aura” referring to symptoms an individual feels shortly before onset of the headache. Although the causes of migraines with aura are unknown, scientists think serotonin and dopamine, two brain neurotransmitters (chemical messingers) may be responsible. These brain chemicals are unable to cope when something abnormal occurs – like a headache – and may cause the brain and immune system to react. This causes brain blood vessels to expand, while at the same time, releasing more chemicals to regulate the vessels’ size. The vessels open and dilate, which sometimes triggers a severe, throbbing headache.

In the BMJ study, researchers analyzed 25 studies examining associations between migraine and cardiovascular risk. The findings include:

• Overall migraine was associated with increased risk for stroke, however, the association appeared limited to migraine with aura.

• Females with migraines had greater overall stroke risk than males.

• Stroke risk was further increased in migraineurs younger than 45, smokers and women using oral contraceptives.

• Migraine was not associated with risk for myocardial infarction (MI) or cardiovascular death.

As painful as the headaches are, however, the risk of stroke for most patients with migraine is low.

Symptoms of migraines and migraines with aura include:

•  A headache lasting anywhere from four to 72 hours

•  Pain in the front of the head on one or both sides of the temple

•  Nausea

•  Yawning

•  Irritability

•  Vomiting

•  Low blood pressure

•  Feelings of anxiety

•  Light, sounds and motion sensitivity

•  Blind spots

•  Seeing zigzag patterns

•  Hallucinations

•  Vision impairment in one or both eyes

•  Weakness

Diagnosis:

Prior to treatment, a doctor will most likely perform a physical examination to negate any other possible causes for the headaches. Other tests such as blood tests, x-rays, CT scan and MRI may also be ordered. After analysis, the doctor will recommend an appropriate treatment.